J Appl Physiol 1981 51: 634–40Ĭoggan AR, Spina RJ, Rogers MA, et al.
A physiological comparison of young and older endurance athletes. Aging among elite distance runners: a 22-year longitudinal study. Trappe SW, Costill DL, Vukovich MD, et al. Skeletal muscle characteristics among distance runners: a 20-yr follow-up study. A longitudinal study of 16 champion runners. J Nat Cancer Inst 1965 35: 185–91ĭill DB, Robinson S, Ross IC. The marathon: physiological, medical, epidemiological, and psychological studies. Current research supports the concept that continued running late into life attenuates a decline in physiological function with age and is beneficial for overall health. The changes in physiological function and running performance with age are closely related to the level of distance run training. These changes in the skeletal muscle profile may contribute to distance running performance with age. In middle-aged veteran runners, skeletal muscle continues to have high aerobic potential, while a decline in muscle cell size and contractile performance are apparent. A decline in cardiovascular capacity of 0.5% per decade occurs in highly trained distance runners, while a 1.0% and 1.5% decline per decade occurs in moderately trained and untrained individuals, respectively. The time to complete a marathon gradually increases with age, with substantial losses in performance after the age of 70 years.
Marathon running performance among men and women is generally fastest, as indicated by world record performances, when individuals are 25–35 years old.
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